Spring Has Sprung, And So Have Eye Allergies

by SonjaHelga on Thursday, April 3rd, 2008 | Comments Off

buy border=”0″ alt=”Creative Commons License” width=”16″ photo credit: Vox_Efx

After a raw, cold winter, that first tiny purple crocus or yellow daffodil pushing its way out of frozen ground is welcome news to warm the heart. But for many folks, spring is also a time of suffering: as nature puts forth a profusion of blooms and buds, allergies blossom too. An abundance of pollen can cause eyes to redden, burn, itch, and water, as well as causing blood vessels in the eye to swell. Below, we answer some commonly asked questions about eye allergies – to prepare you for those May flowers that April showers bring.

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Are eye allergies different from other allergies?
No. Like all allergies, eye allergies are caused when the immune system becomes sensitized and overreacts to a foreign substance, usually something that is otherwise harmless. The allergen causes certain cells in the eye (called mast cells) to release histamine, a chemical produced in reaction to a substance that the immune system can’t tolerate. Histamine and other chemical mediators are responsible for the symptoms of allergic reactions. Interestingly, though mast cells are found throughout the body, there are high concentrations of them in the eyes.

What are the most common eye allergens?

Eye allergens tend to be airborne. Indoors, pet hair or dander, dust mites, and molds are the most common allergy triggers. Outdoor triggers include grass, tree, and weed pollens; people who are sensitive to these pollens suffer from seasonal allergic conjunctivitis. Although cigarette smoke, perfume, and diesel exhaust may irritate your eyes and make your symptoms worse, they do not themselves trigger an allergic response.

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What is conjunctivitis?

Conjunctivitis, also known as “pink eye,” is an inflammation of the conjunctiva, the thin, clear membrane over the white part of the eye and under the eyelids. It can be caused by either allergies or infections.

Seasonal allergic conjunctivitis is the most common type of eye allergy. It is a sudden intense response to an airborne allergen and as its name implies, tends to be short-lived and episodic. Common symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis are redness and itching under the eyelid, excessive tearing, and swelling. Allergic conjunctivitis is not contagious, but it is hereditary.

Viral conjunctivitis usually affects only one eye and causes excessive eye watering and a light discharge. Bacterial conjunctivitis affects both eyes and causes a heavy discharge, sometimes greenish. Both viral and bacterial conjunctivitis spread easily to others.

Can eye allergies harm my eyesight?

No. Though eye allergies can be extremely unpleasant and uncomfortable, they cannot harm your eyes.

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How can eye allergies be treated?

Different types of allergies require different treatments, but the first step should be prevention or avoidance of the allergens that trigger your symptoms.

To avoid allergic conjunctivitis:

Keep windows and doors closed on days when the pollen is heavy.
Stay indoors as much as possible when pollen counts are at their peak.
Wear glasses or sunglasses when outdoors to minimize pollen getting into your eyes.
Stay in well-ventilated areas to minimize exposure to smoke, chemicals, or perfumes.
Dust and vacuum frequently to remove potential allergens in the home.
Wash your hands immediately after petting any animals; remove and wash clothing after visiting friends with pets.
Reduce indoor molds by cleaning bathrooms, kitchens, and basements regularly; use a dehumidifier.
Avoid rubbing eyes, which will only irritate them or make your condition worse.

Antihistamine allergy pills or eyedrops can help control allergic conjunctivitis symptoms. Use a cold compress to provide relief.

If you have viral or bacterial conjunctivitis, avoid re-infecting yourself by:

Washing your hands frequently.
Not touching or rubbing your eyes.
Washing washcloths, towels, or pillowcases after each use.
Not sharing eyedrops or cosmetics such as mascara, and replacing them after you’ve healed.
Discontinuing contact lens use until you’ve healed.

Doctors don’t normally prescribe medication for viral conjunctivitis because it usually clears up on its own within a few days. Antibiotic eyedrops will alleviate bacterial conjunctivitis. Warm compresses may help soothe your eyes.

Usually, conjunctivitis is a minor eye infection, but sometimes it can develop into a more serious condition. Consult your doctor should you experience any medical problems or before using any eyedrops or medication.